Species Redundancy and Ecosystem Reliability

نویسنده

  • SHAHID NAEEM
چکیده

The concept of species redundancy in ecosystem processes is troublesome because it appears to contradict the traditional emphasis in ecology on species singularity. When species richness is high, however, ecosystem processes seem clearly insensitive to considerable variation in biodiversity. Some elementary principles from reliability engineering, where engineered redundancy is a valued part of systems design, suggest that we should rethink our stance on species redundancy. For example, a central tenet of reliability engineering is that reliability always increases as redundant components are added to a system, a principle that directly supports redundant species as guarantors of reliable ecosystem functioning. I argue that we should embrace species redundancy and perceive redundancy as a critical feature of ecosystems which must be preserved if ecosystems are to function reliably and provide us with goods and services. My argument is derived from basic principles of reliability engineering which demonstrate that the probability of reliable system performance is closely tied to the level of engineered redundancy in its design. Empirical demonstrations of the value of species redundancy in ecosystem reliability would provide new insights into the ecology of communities and the value of species conservation. Redundancia de Especies y Confiabilidad del Ecosistema Resumen: El concepto de redundancia de especies en procesos ecológicos es problemático puesto que aparentemente contradice el énfasis tradicional en ecologia sobre la singularidad de las especies. Sin embargo, cuando la riqueza de especies es alta, los procesos del ecosistema parecen claramente insensibles a variaciones considerables de la biodiversidad. Principios elementales de confiabilidad en ingenieria, donde la redundancia es evaluada como parte del diseño de sistemas, sugiere que deberíamos repensar nuestra postura sobre la redundancia de especies. Por ejemplo, un principio central de confiabilidad ingenieril es que la confiabilidad siempre incrementa cuando componentes redundantes son agregados al sistema, un sistema que directamente soporta especies redundantes como garante del funcionamiento del ecosistema. Yo argumento que deberíamos abarcar la redundancia de especies y percibir redundancia como una característica crítica del ecosistema que debe ser conservada si los ecosistemas funcionaran confiablemente y nos provean de bienes y servicios. Demostraciones empíricas de el valor de la redundancia de especies en confiabilidad de ecosistemas provee nuevas intuiciones dentro de la ecología de comunidades y el valor de la conservación de las especies.

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

Reliability Optimization for Complicated Systems with a Choice of Redundancy Strategies (TECHNICAL NOTE)

Redundancy allocation is one of the common techniques to increase the reliability of the bridge systems. Many studies on the general redundancy allocation problems assume that the redundancy strategy for each subsystem is predetermined and fixed. In general, active redundancy has received more attention in the past. However, in real world, a particular system design contains both active and col...

متن کامل

Increasing the Reliability and the Profit in a Redundancy Allocation Problem

This paper proposes a new mathematical model for multi-objective redundancy allocation problem (RAP) without component mixing in each subsystem when the redundancy strategy can be chosen for individual subsystems. Majority of the mathematical model for the multi-objective redundancy allocation problems (MORAP) assume that the redundancy strategy for each subsystem is predetermined and fixed...

متن کامل

The Effects of Technical and Organizational Activities on Redundancy Allocation Problem with Choice of Selecting Redundancy Strategies Using the memetic algorithm

Redundancy allocation problem is one of most important problems in reliability area. This problem involves with the suitable redundancy levels under certain strategies to maximizing system reliability under some constraints. Many changes have been made on this problem to draw the problem near to real situations. Selecting the redundancy strategy, using different system configuration are some of...

متن کامل

Simultaneous Allocation Of Reliability & Redundancy Using Minimum Total Cost Of Ownership Approach

This paper addresses the mixed integer reliability redundancy allocation problems to determine simultaneous allocation of optimal reliability and redundancy level of components based on three objective goals. System engineering principles suggest that the best design is the design that maximizes the system operational effectiveness and at the same time minimizes the total cost of ownership (TCO...

متن کامل

Solving Redundancy Allocation Problem with Repairable Components Using Genetic Algorithm and Simulation Method

Reliability optimization problem has a wide application in engineering area. One of the most important problems in reliability is redundancy allocation problem (RAP). In this research, we worked on a RAP with repairable components and k-out-of-n sub-systems structure. The objective function was to maximize system reliability under cost and weight constraints. The aim was determining optimal com...

متن کامل

ذخیره در منابع من


  با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

عنوان ژورنال:

دوره   شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 1998